ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To understand the modulation of genes by atrophy, differential expression of genes in normal and denervated skeletal muscle was investigated by DNA chip technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sciatic nerve and femoral nerve were resected in right leg of rat to make the muscle atrophy model. Muscle tissues from the gastrocnemius of normal and denervated legs were homogenized and RNA were extracted. Dyes were labelled during reverse transcription and hybridization was done into the DNA chip which is consisted of about 5,000 probes. RESULTS: By statistical analysis, 39 genes were selected as differentially expressed genes by atrophy. 15 known genes up-regulated by atrophy were genes related to immune response, extracellular matrix, andsignal transduction in plasma membrane. 7 known genes down-regulated by atrophy were genes related to cell growth and proliferation, intracellular signal transduction, and energy metabolism. Some unknown gene functions were analysed by bioinformatics analysis and they were highly homologous genes with McKusick-Kaufman syndrome protein, ADP-ribosylation factor-like 4, and component X of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that reduction of energy metabolism, activation of cholesterol exclusion, and changes on signal transduction pathway are involved in the process of atrophy by denervation in skeletal muscle of rat.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Abnormalities, Multiple , Atrophy , Cell Membrane , Chimera , Cholesterol , Coloring Agents , Computational Biology , Denervation , Energy Metabolism , Extracellular Matrix , Femoral Nerve , Gene Expression , Heart Defects, Congenital , Hydrocolpos , Leg , Muscle, Skeletal , Muscles , Muscular Atrophy , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Oxidoreductases , Polydactyly , Pyruvic Acid , Reverse Transcription , RNA , Sciatic Nerve , Signal Transduction , Uterine DiseasesABSTRACT
Deformity of the forearm is common in patients with hereditary multiple osteochondromas. It produces cosmetic and functional impairment. The deformity of the forearm in hereditary multiple osteochondromas that we described is often associated with osteochondroma of the distal part of ulna causing ulnar longitudinal hypoplasia. This osteochondroma mechanically disturbs the axial alignment of the adjacent joints, either directly or though tension on the interosseous membrane. We reviewed 9 cases of forearm deformity caused by hereditary multiple osteochondromas in 9 patients, in whom ulnar lengthening with excision of osteochondroma was a main procduree. The patients were followed along for a mean of 3 year 6 months. The procedures included ulnar lengthening with excision of osteochondroma in the distal part of the ulna in 6 patients, ulnar lengthening with excision of the osteochondroma and corrective osteotomy of the radius in 2 patients, and stapling of the distal physis of the radius with excision of osteochondroma in 1 patient. Ulnar lengthening was performed by an immediate bone graft and internal fixation in 5 patients, or gradual distraction with and external fixator in 3 patients. The cosmetic results of the surgery were very gratifying and the range of motion of radial deviation at the wrist was increased. Partial recurrence of the deformity was seen during follow up in the skeletally immature patients. However, in general, Ulnar lengthening with excision of osteochondroma was an effective procedure to restore cosmesis as well as function of the wrist.
Subject(s)
Humans , Congenital Abnormalities , Exostoses, Multiple Hereditary , External Fixators , Follow-Up Studies , Forearm , Joints , Membranes , Osteochondroma , Osteotomy , Radius , Range of Motion, Articular , Recurrence , Transplants , Ulna , WristABSTRACT
The kinetic of the distal radioulnar joint(DRUJ) is complex. Motion of DRUJ consists of rotation of the around the relatively stationary ulna, poisoning of the ulna along its longitudinal axis, and translational motion, which occurs in the antero-posterior plane. In addition to the motions described, there also exists and abduction-adduction movements, diastatic motion. The CT scan is an ideal tool for evaluation the DRUJ. Since it provides a coronal cross-sectional image of the radius and ulna. The amount of translational motion occurring at the DRUJ has hot been determined. To evaluate the normal boundaries of the motion of the DRUJ, forty DRUJ in twenty normal volunteers(10 meles, 10 females) were evaluated by use of a computed tomography technique. The results were as follows. 1. Average translational motion according to forearm rotation was 3.1mm±1.3. 2. There was no statistic difference between both sex(p>0.05). 3. There was no statistic difference between dominant and nondominant hand(p>0.05). The contralateral criterion is useful in determing wrist problem.